Paediatrics and Neonatology

Paediatrics: the importance of supplementation for growth and development

During childhood and adolescence, the demand for iron and other nutrients is particularly high due to rapid physical growth and brain development. Iron deficiency is a common issue in young children, often caused by an unbalanced diet or, in some cases, by malabsorption related to conditions such as coeliac disease or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). When undiagnosed, iron deficiency can negatively affect cognitive and behavioural functions, impacting school performance and general wellbeing.

Special attention should be given to adolescent girls, who are more prone to iron deficiency due to menstrual blood loss. Supplementing with highly bioavailable iron can help prevent anaemia and ensure energy and vitality during this key stage of development.

In addition to iron, other vitamins and minerals play a crucial role throughout childhood and adolescence:

• Calcium and vitamin D – essential for bone development and the prevention of rickets.
• Zinc – important for growth and immune system support.
• Vitamin B12 and folic acid – key for red blood cell formation and cognitive function.
• DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) – vital for brain and visual development.

Neonatology: the key role of iron, vitamin D and DHA

In preterm infants, nutritional supplementation can be critical for healthy development. Guidelines from ESPGHAN (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend iron supplementation for all preterm infants, regardless of gestational age. Since these infants have not had time to build adequate iron stores, supplementation is essential to support immune function and neurological development, and to help prevent long-term impacts on growth and cognitive performance.

Vitamin D is another essential nutrient for all newborns, including full-term babies. Supplementation is recommended from birth to prevent vitamin D deficiency and support bone mineralisation. The need is even greater for preterm infants and those with specific risk factors, such as dark skin or maternal deficiency.

Finally, DHA plays a crucial role in neonatal brain and retinal development. Adequate DHA intake during the first months of life supports proper cognitive function and visual development, with lasting benefits.

The value of nutritional supplementation in paediatrics and neonatology

Scientific research and advances in nutritional technology now offer innovative solutions to support healthy growth from the very beginning of life. Supplementation with highly bioavailable iron, vitamin D, DHA and other essential micronutrients can help prevent deficiencies and promote physical and cognitive development.

It is important to note that during the first months of life, breast milk represents the primary and ideal source of nutrients, meeting most of the infant's nutritional requirements. However, in specific situations or developmental stages, additional supplementation may be necessary.

Any form of supplementation must always be carefully assessed and prescribed by the pediatrician, who is the primary healthcare provider responsible for monitoring the child’s growth and detecting any nutritional deficiencies. A well-structured supplementation strategy, grounded in the latest scientific evidence, provides a solid foundation for safeguarding children’s health and enhancing quality of life — from birth through every stage of growth.